Adolescent Phase is the period of an important individual growth. Harold Alberty (1957) said that adolescence is a period of adolescent growth that starts since the end of infancy to early adult period. Conger argues that adolescence is a very critical period that determine of the best and the worst of time. There are the interpretations of various experts about the adolescent:
- Freud interprets adolescence as a period of search for life forms that have a sexual definitive. Charlotte Buhler interpreted adolescence as a period which needs to provide the content. Spranger interpret ate that the adolescence as a period of growth with the fundamental structure of the psychosis.
- Hofmann interprets the adolescence as a period of formation of the attitudes of all things experienced individuals.
- G. Stanley Hall interprets adolescence as a period of storm and drank (storm and hurricane).
Experts generally agree that adolescence’s age about 11-13 years to 18-20 years. During this period there are some differences according to the significant indicators, both quantitative and qualitative. Therefore, experts classified the adolescence to two parts, namely: (1) early adolescence (11-13 years to 14-15 years), and (2) the end of adolescence (14-16 years to 18-20 th).
Adolescence is marked with the various changes, both physically and psychological, which can causes a particular problem for the adolescents. If there is no accompanied by efforts to self-understanding and self-guidance is appropriate, it will bring the teenagers to the action on the various youth and criminal mischief. The Problems that may arise in adolescence are:
- Problems associated by physical and motor growth. At adolescence marked by the rapid physical growth. Physical circumstances in adolescence are seen as a very important, but when the physical condition does not match with expectation (a mismatch between the body image with the self picture) can cause incompletely satisfied feeling and less confident. Likewise, the physical development that is not proportional. Reproductive organs at maturity adolescence as a require effort to get satisfactions. If uncontrolled norms, it can affected to the irregularities on sexual behavior.
- Problems associated with cognitive and language growth. In the early adolescence are marked with the development of a rapid intellectual ability. However, when, the teenagers do not get the opportunity of intellectual ability, especially through education in schools, the intellectual potential can be developed is not optimally. Similarly adolescence, especially early adolescence is a time to recognize a foreign language and deepens. However, due to limited opportunities and facilities and pre facilities, causing the difficulty for the adolescent foreign language. Can not be denied, in the current era of globalization, foreign language mastery is important for maximizing the success of a career and life. However, the presence of obstacles in the development of the inability to speak foreign will give a little more effect on the life and career success. Decrease of cognitive and language development can also result in the emotional aspects, social, and aspects of personality and other behaviors. Problems associated with the development of social behavior, morality and religion.
