According to John Dewey’s reflective methods in solving problems, namely an active thought process, be careful, which is based on the thought processes toward the conclusions that a definitive through five steps.
1. Students identify problems; they come from outside the student’s own self.
2. Furthermore, students will investigate and analyze the difficulty and determine the problem.
3. Then he connects the descriptions that the results of analysis or to one another, and collecting various possibilities to solve the problem. In the act he was led by his own experience.
4. Then he weighed the possibility of an answer or hypothesis with the consequences of each.
5. He tried practicing one considers the possibility that the best solution. The results will prove whether or not really solving the problem. When solving a problem is wrong or inappropriate, it will be possible to try another until be found appropriate solutions. Solving that problem is that is useful for life.
But these steps are not considered as rigid and mechanical, which means absolutely no need to follow that order. Students can move back and forth, between the problem and hypotheses to the evidence, to the conclusion within the limits of the rules vary. Thus it can be said that this instructional approach is similar to a scientific study in which a hypothesis can be tested and formulated. Dewey further recommends that the content of lessons should start from the experiences of students and ends on the pattern structure subjects. Thus the meaning is clear how important the work, because work experience and the experience to lead people to think that can act wisely and correctly. The experience affects character. There was a positive experience and negative experiences. Positive experience is a true experience, because the gain can be applied in life. Conversely, negative experiences are experiences that one, harm or hinder the life and not have to be used again.
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